Devotion to Fasting
Of all the disciplines of the Christian life, things like prayer, worship, and the study of God’s Word, the practice of fasting is the one we seem to struggle with most - or don’t engage with all together. Some of that struggle might be because we fail to see its purpose or use in our lives. What does it accomplish and why should we practice it?
What is fasting?
Fasting is voluntarily abstaining from food or any other regularly enjoyed good gift from God, for the sake of some spiritual purpose. Often this is simply a desire for more of God, more of His Spirit, more of His voice and leading. In the Scriptures, you see times of fasting tied to sorrowful repentance, mourning, and seeking the leading of the Spirit.
Misplaced emphasis in fasting.
Many times, because of its difficult nature, our focus in fasting mistakenly becomes all about the self-denial necessary to accomplish it, as if the primary purpose of it was to plainly and dramatically tell our bodies of flesh, “No.” But that’s only half of it. The emphasis in fasting must not be self-denial, but rather, deep desire for deep(er) satisfaction. As Sam Storms put it in his book, Practicing the Power, (p.58):
Fasting is not about denying yourself; it’s about satisfying yourself… in God. Fasting is not about physical pain, but spiritual pleasure. Fasting is the first cousin to prayer in the sense that together they are the ordained means by which God is pleased to give us what we need.
The act of fasting is, in a sense, a prayer itself. A prayer of pursuit. A prayer of deep spiritual seeking. A prayer of asking with an extraordinary intensity and passion. And in that prayer and pursuit, we have a good Father who delights in answering (rewarding, Matt. 6:16-18) those who ask, seek, and knock (Luke 11:9-13). And to those who seek Him with all their heart He has promised that we will find Him (Jer. 29:13). Fasting is a great way to make that prayer of deep desire - of seeking with all our heart.
Appetite adjustment.
For a lot of us, it’s a struggle to stay devoted to and consistent in prayer. We are in a battle with an Enemy that wants to keep us distracted and/or discouraged so we give up coming to the Life-giver in prayer. We may start off a New Year strong, but before too long we settle back into a form of lifeless, box-checking religion, where it’s something we do because we know we “should” rather than a regular communing with the Living God. So, how do we stay steadfast in prayer? How do we continue in devoted prayer? I think the answer is delight.
You see, the problem isn’t that we don’t pray [enough]. The problem is not being completely delighted in Christ. It's not being completely satisfied in Him. It’s that we don’t hunger after Him, His Word or His righteousness, like we ought, and it then begs the question, “Why don’t we?”
My contention is this: our bellies are full. Too often, we don’t hunger for the Bread of Life or thirst for the Living Water because we’ve spoiled our appetite for Him with the cares of this world. We’ve satisfied ourselves - or at least pacified ourselves - by nibbling and snacking on all comforts and pleasures this life has offered. Many of them are the very good gifts and blessings that God gives as a reflection of Him and His goodness. At the very least, they become a destructive distraction hindering us in this race that we’re called to run (Heb. 12:1-2), but then… at its worst: it’s a full blown IDOL.
I think fasting is a good gift from God to help give us an appetite adjustment. That through hunger and pursuit, we would again long for Him and be satisfied completely in Him. Fasting is about feasting on the fullness of Christ and delighting ourselves in Him.
Consider fasting.
If you’ve found it hard to persist in prayer, ask yourself, “why.” Allow the Holy Spirit to check your appetite, and then consider incorporating fasting into your prayer life and pursuit of Him. I know our good Father will hear us and meet us when we seek to be satisfied fully in Him.
*If you have a medical condition or need that would make fasting a concern or put you at risk, please consult your doctor and maybe consider an alternative type of fast.
Devotion to Community
23 Let us hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering, for he who promised is faithful. 24 And let us consider how to stir up one another to love and good works, 25 not neglecting to meet together, as is the habit of some, but encouraging one another, and all the more as you see the Day drawing near.
Hebrews 10:23-25
We live in a time where Christians seem to think that a commitment to gathering, to meeting corporately as a community of faith is something that is unimportant. As a pastor there is no question that this type of attitude can be frustrating. And to be clear not because I have a concern for numbers but because I have a concern for the growth and development of the people of God. When I read what the author of Hebrews writes it is oddly comforting to know that they had the same issue in the first century; ‘not neglecting to meet together, as is the habit of some’. Apparently it’s not a new issue, but it is an issue that will be detrimental to the spiritual development of followers of Christ.
One of the truths about this calling that we might not consider is that the call to a commitment of gathering with believers is a spiritual discipline. It takes discipline to make this a part of our lives. It is easy to get distracted and busied with the activities of our lives. It is easy to fall into times where we feel like we’re not getting anything out of it. It is easy to find ourselves in conflict with fellow members of the community of faith and get hurt or frustrated and as a result just choose not to gather. Its in these times it takes a discipline of commitment to live in obedience to living in community.
The author of Hebrews makes this clear. The gathering as a body of believers, in the community that the word of God establishes, is the means by which we are challenged by others and we challenge others (‘stir up one another to love and good works’), it is the means by which we encourage others and are encouraged by others. The declaration is this commitment isn’t simply about what you receive but what you also give so when we neglect to be a part of this exchange the entire community, every individual, suffers.
Is it always convenient? No. Is it always easy? Of course not. Do we find ourselves sometimes even in conflict? Unfortunately, yes. But obedience to the word that produces disciples of Christ requires us to push through, to not neglect meeting together.
This is a discipline of our faith. As much as prayer, as much as worship, as much as giving, as much as forgiveness, and when we discipline ourselves in obedience to God’s word we will be blessed and we will be a blessing to others.
Devotion to Intercessory Prayer
We are continuing our Fervent Week of Prayer by taking a look at intercession. This type of prayer is distinguished as a request, plea, or appeal on behalf of someone else. At times this type of prayer may come very easily to us, especially if we are praying on behalf of someone that we care for deeply. We are often moved to intercessory prayer in times of need, or out of compassion and sympathy. However, throughout Scripture we are commanded to intercede for others that may not be close to us, and this is when we need to engage in the devotion to intercession.
One area that takes such devotion is to pray for people that may not readily come to our minds. In Ephesians 6, after the description of the armor of God, Paul instructs the church to intercede for all the saints, and especially for him (and by inference others that preach) to be bold (Eph 6:10-19). In 1 Peter 5, Peter calls all Christians to be alert and resist the schemes of the devil through prayer and trusting in God. He also reminds us that all of our fellow believers are in the same battle (1 Peter 5:6-9). Certainly a worthy topic of intercession as we seek to pray for our fellow Christians. Some practical suggestions would be to pray for those in your small group, your neighbors, a list of people in your church, or for those in other countries. The leadership and staff of Mercy Hill, certainly appreciate your prayers on our behalf.
A second area of devotion to intercession is praying for those that we may not want or feel like praying for. Jesus instructs us to love our enemies and pray for those that persecute us (Matt 5:44) Paul instructs Timothy and the church to pray for political leaders and authorities over the nation.
A third, but not certainly not final, area of devotion would be to pray for those that “The god of this age has blinded, so that they cannot see the light of the gospel that displays the glory of Christ, who is the image of God. (2 Cor 4:4 )”
Please join us this week in devotion to praying for the needs of others, both those that are close to us, and those who are far. Pray for the elders of the church to have wisdom and guidance, and for the Holy Spirit to move in the hearts and minds of the congregation as he is faithful to complete the work he has begun in us (Php 1:6).
Devotion to Worship
We all know that the concept of worship is at the center of the Christian Life: To proclaim and display the glory of Christ as those who’ve been purchased and ransomed by His blood and made new by the power of the Holy Spirit.
And often when we consider worship, our focus rightly goes to the outward expressions of it:
Singing and rejoicing: words expressed to the One who’s redeemed us.
Acts of service done in love of others
For followers of Jesus, every aspect of our lives is meant to be lived as worship: proclaiming the Glory of Christ.
Outward, but beginning in the heart
But worship, although expressed outwardly, begins inwardly with the heart. It begins in the core of who we are, where our passions and true allegiance lie. I think of Jesus’ words in Matthew chapter 15 - when He looks at the religious leaders and quotes from them the prophet Isaiah:
7 You hypocrites! Isaiah was right when he prophesied about you:
8 “‘These people honor me with their lips,
but their hearts are far from me.
9 They worship me in vain;
their teachings are merely human rules.
You see, if the “worship” of the Pharisees was anything, it was active and outward. It was expressed fully - and even dramatically - for all to see. It wasn’t for the glory of God, but for their own acclaim. And that’s the problem. The worship didn’t come from their heart, in humility and surrender. Their hearts were far and rotten with sin and selfishness. For true, God-glorifying worship, it must begin in the heart.
Worship and prayer.
Prayer helps with “good” worship. Prayer is about intimacy, closeness, and communing with our Father - to draw near to Him and Him draw near to us. To see and behold Him for all that He truly is. And as we behold Him, we begin to delight in Him. When we behold Him, we begin to treasure Him as the priceless joy that He is. And from that place - that place of beholding, treasuring and delighting in Him - from that place comes the sweetest, most God-glorifying worship.
This week, press in close to Jesus in prayer. Behold the Christ. Treasure Him in your heart this week and delight in Him… and let’s worship Him with hearts surrendered.
Devotion to Biblical Study
Today’s topic for our week of fervent prayer is focused on devotion to Biblical study. It may seem odd to focus on Bible study during a week devoted to prayer, but Scripture creates the foundation for prayer to be built upon. The reason for this is anchored in the truth of God’s created universe. He has established what is right and what is wrong, he has even redeemed our ability to communicate with him through the death of Christ on the Cross. Without an understanding of truth revealed through Scripture, our prayers could wander and roam into a million different desires with many of them contrary to God’s will. Without an understanding of who God truly is as revealed in Scripture, our prayers would simply be hopes and wishes sent into a generic “universe” like many in society today. However, with a clear understanding of truth and a foundation in the Bible, we can pray to the God who loved us, redeemed us, disciplines us, and transforms us according to His will. All of his promises are anchored within truth and revealed in the Bible. Because of this, we are recommended to search the scriptures daily to anchor to truth, and verify what we are taught is truth (Acts 17:11). Many of the promises of peace and hope through prayer are found in meditating on the truths found in Scripture. (Php 4:4-9) And much of Spiritual warfare is anchored in the truth of who God is, and who we are in him (Eph 6:10-19).
Today take some time to examine your current devotion to Bible Study, and remember there is no condemnation for those in Christ Jesus (Ro 8:1). If you find that it is an area of your life that needs growth, pray for God’s help in this. Take notes during the sermons and small groups. Go to Scripture and examine it daily to see if what you were taught is true (Acts 17:11). Build a daily devotion that sharpens your understanding of God’s truth. Help can be found in reading plans, or Bible study groups. Then use that foundation of Biblical truth as a sword of the spirit in your prayers and devotions..
Devotion to Personal Prayer
“Yet the news about him spread all the more, so that crowds of people came to hear him and to be healed of their sicknesses. But Jesus often withdrew to lonely places and prayed.” - Luke 5:15-16
Luke 5 has this description of Jesus. This statement about the personal discipline of Christ’s life is incredibly insightful. Jesus ‘often’ withdrew to the lonely places and prayed. Just in this we see a consistent practice of His spiritual life. And when you see that He does this, even in the face of ministry opportunity (people came to hear Him and be healed by Him BUT he ‘often withdrew to lonely place and prayed’) you see the incredible value He placed on this discipline.
When you think about the practices of your own faith, how often can this be said of you? I think this declaration about the life of Christ is particularly important to reflect upon when considering the disciplines of our faith for two very specific reasons;
The first is simply because of who He is. Jesus Christ the Son of God and the incarnation of God in our midst, OFTEN withdrew to lonely places to pray. I cant help but be struck with the thought that if Jesus, the Son of God, the incarnation of God in our midst felt the need to OFTEN withdraw and pray, how much more do I in my PROFOUND state of humanity have such a need. He believed, clearly, that to do what God was calling Him to do, in the flesh, required these times of intimate communication with the Father so that He would be empowered to heal the sick and teach the lost. . You can never overlook the example Christ sets for us in our humanity as He lives in His humanity. If He needed these times so do we and so when we struggle this might be why.
The second thought that strikes me when reflecting on Christ’s example of frequently withdrawing to prayer is the statements Christ makes throughout the book of John. Repeatedly we find in John’s gospel Christ saying, ‘I only say what the Father tells me to say, I only go where the Father tells me to go, I only do what the Father tells me to do’. How can he be so confident that this is true? Because Jesus often withdrew to lonely places to pray. In these moments he is tuning His ear to the leading of the Father through the Holy Spirit. He is becoming attentive to the instructions being given from the Father through the Holy Spirit. If we want to be used of Christ in powerful, impactful ways we have to spend time hearing the voice of God through communion with the Spirit. To know where to go, how to pray, what to say, to be led of God by the Holy Spirit we have to spend time listening and learning His voice, understanding His heartbeat and responding to His leading.
Personal prayer times, resting in His presence, seeking His guidance and yes making requests is essential to walking in the Spirit by faith. Set as your goal to be a person of whom it can be said, they often withdrew to lonely places to pray. Your Christian walk will be stronger and more dynamic as a result.
Fervent Prayer Devotional #5: Pray in the Spirit at All Times
Over the course of this week, our church has been focused on prayer and we’ve had a number of excellent posts directing our focus.
We began with our need to approach prayer with the concept of seeking relationship over rewards and gifts. Doing so with the perspective of God as Holy, Eternal Creator, All Powerful, Majestic, and all knowing. Having this reverent view of God creates confidence in his ability to handle all things, and will guard our hearts against flippant, selfish prayers.
In another post, we also saw that through the grace of God, he calls us friend, and we are to call him Father. That the “Creator of All” desires for us to have a close, intimate relationship with him, coming as we are.
Yet another post shared the close connection between prayer and fasting, and how fasting can aid our prayers. And yesterday we were reminded to persistently seek God in prayer, even to ask for good things.
Now some people may look at this list and notice “contradictions”. First, see God as Holy, Awesome, All Powerful, but also as tender Father, Friend. The purpose of prayer is to seek relationship, not for gifts… but then also ask him for good things.
When is it appropriate to pray to God as friend? When is it right to ask for good things? When should we fast?
I believe that the answer is found in Eph 6:18: “Pray at all times in the Spirit with every prayer and request…” This passage is not talking about praying in tongues with every prayer and request, but rather that all prayer should be in step with the Spirit allowing Him to guide our prayers in every situation and need. We do this by asking God to reveal his will in situations, by asking the Holy Spirit to show us how and what to pray for. In doing so, we will not gratify the desires of our flesh (Gal 5:16) and we will not shape our prayers to our own desires. If we pray in the Spirit every time we approach God in prayer, we do so in submission to our relationship to Him. This will then guide our requests for good things, inform us when it is time to fast, and to see God as Creator, Father, and Friend. It is the epitome of “let Thy will be done” to trust God to guide our prayers and how we should pray in every situation.
Fervent Prayer Devotional #4: Ask, Seek, Knock
Matthew 7:7-11 states,
7 “Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you. 8 For everyone who asks receives, and the one who seeks finds, and to the one who knocks it will be opened. 9 Or which one of you, if his son asks him for bread, will give him a stone? 10 Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a serpent? 11 If you then, who are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father who is in heaven give good things to those who ask him!
Danny Akin once said that, “prayer is the great blessing that puts our impotence in touch with God’s omnipotence, our lack in touch with his supply, and our needs in touch with his riches.”
What I love about this passage in Matthew is that it is an open invitation to us as children of God to boldly approach the throne of grace (Heb 4:16). Prayer is an invitation to bring requests before our God who has everything we need.
Notice how in Verses 7 and 8 Jesus commands us that we should pray persistently. Did you notice the three words He uses? Ask. Seek. Knock. All three of these verbs are present imperatives. These are the ways in which we are instructed to pray by Jesus. Danny Akin brings the idea of persistently praying to life by stating, “Ask and keep on asking is the idea. Seek and keep on seeking. Knock and keep on knocking. When you pray like this, God promises to answer.”
Look again at what verse 7 says, “Ask and it will be given to you, seek and you will find. Knock and the door will be open.”
Jesus gives us such confidence in whom we are praying to in these verses. When you pray, you are praying to a heavenly Father who is so much better than any earthly Father. This allows us not only to pray persistently but to pray expectantly! Even flawed fathers will seek to meet the needs of their children. What dad would give his son a stone if his son asked for bread (vs. 9)? Or what dad would give his son a serpent if his son asked him for fish (vs. 10? How much more so will your heavenly father give good gifts to those who ask him (vs. 11)? What confidence this gives children of God to pray expectantly! We have a heavenly Father who is perfect and trustworthy and wants us to come to Him!
Finally, did you notice that beautiful promise that comes out of verse 11? God wants to give his children good gifts! So ask, seek, and knock! God hears us when we pray. In fact, Proverbs 15:8 states that He delights in our prayers. In these verses, Jesus invites us to persistently and expectantly pray to a good Father who not only listens to his children, but gives good things to those who ask!
Fervent Prayer Devotional #3: Fasting for Fervent Prayer
Fervent Prayer Week echoes an Antioch church experience recorded in Acts 13:1-3, where the Holy Spirit showed up in the middle of a church fast and worship service. Mercy Hill Church will fast and pray during Fervent Pray Week. Why did the Antioch Church fast while they worshipped? Was fasting a regular practice in the early church, or did they hold a special fast to seek new direction for missionary outreach? What purpose did fasting serve? What are the implications of fasting for the church today?
Fasting was a normal practice in early Christian worship. The Holy Spirit spoke to the Antioch church leaders as they were fasting. The text does not disclose how the Spirit spoke. Perhaps one of the Antioch prophets received a revelation. The sequence is clear, however. After a revelation about gentile missions, they completed their fast, prayed and then commissioned Barnabas and Saul. Fasting appears to be a normal practice. After fasting, the Antioch church unified behind this new mission.
A church discipline manual discovered in 1873 dating back to the first century purports to be teaching from the Twelve Apostles to the Gentiles. It is simply called, The Didache (the Teaching). Church fasts are required in The Didache for the sake of church persecutors, and 2-day fasts are required for those being baptized and the baptizer. Specific instructions are given for frequent fasts:
Let not your fasts be with the hypocrites (probably referring to the Jewish Synagogue), for they fast on the second and fifth day of the week; but ye shall fast on the fourth day, and the preparation day (Friday).(Chap 8, 1).
Fasting supported communion with God through bodily humiliation. Cassian’s conversations with monastics in the desert of Scete in Egypt in 420 AD give us a clue to the purpose of fasting. Abbot Moses taught fasting and the other spiritual disciplines to achieve purity of heart in order to contemplate God’s pure love:
Those things which are of secondary importance, such as fastings, vigils, withdrawal from the world, meditation on Scripture, we ought to practice with a view to our main object, i.e., purity of heart…. (Conferences Part 1, Conf 1, chap 7).
In another conference, Abbot John explained why Egyptian monks fasted during Lent and feasted during Eastertide, the fifty days between the resurrection and Pentecost. Fasting and prostrate prayers brought to mind sin and Christ’s death on the Cross, while Feasting and upright prayer celebrated Christ’s resurrection and the Feast of Firstfruits (Pentecost occurred on the barley harvest). Fasting, therefore, was a form of bodily humiliation.
Fasting restrains impulsive behavior and encourages church unity. Compare the Antioch church which commissioned Paul’s missionary career to the Jerusalem Church where Paul’s missionary career came to an end (Acts 21:17-26). Antioch fasted and prayed before they sent Paul on mission. Jerusalem neither fasted nor prayed before sending Paul to the Temple on an almost fatal public relations stunt. Luke’s narrative is very discrete because Paul was still in prison facing charges that arose from this event when Luke wrote Acts, but enough can be deduced to determine the causes of this disaster. Despite prophetic exhortations (21:4) and warnings (21:11) against the visit, Paul went up to Jerusalem on Pentecost AD 57 bearing a large monetary gift from the gentile churches. Initially Paul was warmly received by James and “thousands” of Jewish believers. With no thanks or even mention of the gift, elders in Jerusalem proposed Paul sponsor religious purification rites for four anonymous Jews. Their proposal exposed Paul to enormous risk from the religious establishment for no benefit other than public relations. That Paul agreed to their proposal signifies the depth of his ambition to comply with the Jerusalem church at all costs. Paul’s modern biographer, John Pollock, remarks:
“‘Let love be without dissimulation,’ [Paul] had recently urged the Romans. Never do evil that good might come, he had taught; yet now he would reject his own advice. In no way was his love for the Jews more evident than in this error of judgment at Jerusalem” (The Apostle: The Life of Paul, p 241).
The failure was not Paul’s only. No sign of the “thousands” of believers appeared at Paul’s lynching in the Temple or heresy trials afterward. Personal ambition and church disunity combined to derail Paul’s ministry and the growth of the Jerusalem church. The failure of judgment in Jerusalem could have been averted if the elders and Paul fasted and prayed for God’s leading. As it turned out, Christ had to visit Paul in prison after his arrest to assure him that he would bear witness in Rome despite the failure in Jerusalem (Acts 23:11).
Implications of fasting for the church today:
Fasting is secondary to the main goal of union with God. Diet is not a pathway to God. “‘Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes from the mouth of God,’” said Jesus. A person can work with food all day long and not lose a sense of being filled with God’s love. Brother Lawrence (1614-1691) bore witness to The Practice of the Presence of God in his job as a cook in the Order of Discalced Carmelites in Paris.
Fasting can prepare the heart for union with God. Christ fasted from food for 40 days before his contest with Satan. Fasting today prepares the heart for communion with God through bodily humiliation. Weakness restrains direct action and promotes discretion. Hunger pangs remind us of the consuming desire for food that drives most of life. It is a humiliating admission. Satan used food to tempt Eve and Jesus.
Group fasts bring church unity. Though food is a created good, it has spiritual power to distract us from unconditional love of God. Unconditional love assumes fear as a prerequisite to release us from the worldly distractions. Godly fear protects the exclusive glory of the God we love. Love is incompatible with slavish fear. Slavish fear arises fear of disapproval. Unconditional love of God is compatible with godly fear. God commanded Israel
“[To] fear the LORD your God, to walk in all his ways, to love him, to serve the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul…” (Deuteronomy 10:12).
Godly fear draws people together. Paul’s instructions to “work out your salvation in fear and trembling” are addressed to the church as a whole, not to individuals (Phil 2.12). Fear freezes a group together in awe and silence. All distractions fall away. Fasting is a bodily expression of fear and weakness. Group fasting can bring a group together in fear and trembling before a loving God.
Pray for church unity this week at Fervent Prayer and practice fasting as a sign of our desire for unity before God. Who knows? Maybe God will provide new revelation for Mercy Hill Church mission.
Richard Foster’s instructions for Fasting (Celebration of Discipline, p 57)
As with all the Disciplines, a progression should be observed; it is wise to learn to walk well before we try to run. Begin with a partial fast of twenty-four hours’ duration; many have found lunch to lunch to be the best time. This means that you would not eat two meals. Fresh fruit juices are excellent to drink during the fast. Attempt this once a week for several weeks. In the beginning you will be fascinated with the physical aspects of your experience, but the most important thing to monitor is the inner attitude of the heart. Outwardly you will be performing the regular duties of your day, but inwardly you will be in prayer and adoration, song, and worship. In a new way, cause every task of the day to be a sacred ministry to the Lord. However mundane your duties, for you they are a sacrament. Cultivate a “gentle receptiveness to divine breathings.” Break your fast with a light meal of fresh fruits and vegetables and a good deal of inner rejoicing.
After two or three weeks you are prepared to attempt a normal fast of twenty-four hours. Drink only water but use healthy amounts of it. Many feel distilled water is best. If the taste of water bothers you, add one teaspoon of lemon juice. You will probably feel some hunger pangs or discomfort before the time is up. That is not real hunger; your stomach has been trained through years of conditioning to give signals of hunger at certain hours. In many ways the stomach is like a spoiled child, and a spoiled child does not need indulgence, but needs discipline. Martin Luther says “…the flesh was wont to grumble dreadfully.”9 You must not give in to this “grumbling.” Ignore the signals, or even tell your “spoiled child” to calm down, and in a brief time the hunger pangs will pass. If not, sip another glass of water and the stomach will be satisfied. You are to be the master of your stomach, not its slave. If family obligations permit it, devote the time you would normally use eating to meditation and prayer.
It should go without saying that you should follow Jesus’ counsel to refrain from calling attention to what you are doing. The only ones who should know you are fasting are those who have to know. If you call attention to your fasting, people will be impressed and, as Jesus said, that will be your reward. You, however, are fasting for far greater and deeper rewards. The following was written by an individual who, as an experiment, had committed himself to fast once a week for two years. Notice the progression from the superficial aspects of fasting toward the deeper rewards.
“I felt it a great accomplishment to go a whole day without food. Congratulated myself on the fact that I found it so easy….
Began to see that the above was hardly the goal of fasting. Was helped in this by beginning to feel hunger….
Began to relate the food fast to other areas of my life where I was more compulsive…. I did not have to have a seat on the bus to be contented, or to be cool in the summer and warm when it was cold.
Reflected more on Christ’s suffering and the suffering of those who are hungry and have hungry babies….
Six months after beginning the fast discipline, I began to see why a two-year period has been suggested. The experience changes along the way. Hunger on fast days became acute, and the temptation to eat stronger. For the first time I was using the day to find God’s will for my life. Began to think about what it meant to surrender one’s life.
I now know that prayer and fasting must be intricately bound together. There is no other way, and yet that way is not yet combined in me.”
After having achieved several fasts with a degree of spiritual success, move on to a thirty-six-hour fast: three meals. With that accomplished, it is time to seek the Lord as to whether he wants you to go on a longer fast. Three to seven days is a good time period and will probably have a substantial impact on the course of your life.
It is wise to know the process your body goes through in the course of a longer fast. The first three days are usually, the most difficult in terms of physical discomfort and hunger pains. The body is beginning to rid itself of the toxins that have built up over years of poor eating habits, and it is not a comfortable process. This is the reason for the coating on the tongue and bad breath. Do not be disturbed by these symptoms; rather be grateful for the increased health and well-being that will result. You may experience headaches during this time, especially if you are an avid coffee or tea drinker. Those are mild withdrawal symptoms that will pass though they may be very unpleasant for a time.
By the fourth day the hunger pains are beginning to subside though you will have feelings of weakness and occasional dizziness. The dizziness is only temporary and caused by sudden changes in position. Move more slowly and you will have no difficulty. The weakness can come to the point where the simplest task takes great effort. Rest is the best remedy. Many find this the most difficult period of the fast.
By the sixth or seventh day you will begin to feel stronger and more alert. Hunger pains will continue to diminish until by the ninth or tenth day they are only a minor irritation. The body will have eliminated the bulk of toxins and you will feel good. Your sense of concentration will be sharpened, and you will feel as if you could continue fasting indefinitely. Physically this is the most enjoyable part of the fast.
Anywhere between twenty-one and forty days or longer, depending on the individual, hunger pains will return. This is the first stage of starvation and the pains signal that the body has used up its reserves and is beginning to draw on the living tissue. The fast should be broken at this time.
The amount of weight lost during a fast varies greatly with the individual. In the beginning a loss of two pounds a day, decreasing to one pound a day as the fast progresses, is normal. During fasting you will feel the cold more simply because the body metabolism is not producing the usual amount of heat. If care is observed to keep warm, this is no difficulty. It should be obvious to all that there are some people who for physical reasons should not fast: diabetics, expectant mothers, heart patients, and others. If you have any question about your fitness to fast, seek medical advice.
Before commencing an extended fast, some are tempted to eat a good deal to “stock up.” That is most unwise; in fact, slightly lighter than normal meals are best for the day or two before a fast. You would also be well advised to abstain from coffee or tea three days before beginning a longer fast. If the last meal in the stomach is fresh fruits and vegetables, you should have no difficulty with constipation.
An extended fast should be broken with fruit or vegetable juice, with small amounts taken at first. Remember that the stomach has shrunk considerably, and the entire digestive system has gone into a kind of hibernation. By the second day you should be able to eat fruit and then milk or yogurt. Next you can eat fresh salads and cooked vegetables. Avoid all salad dressing, grease, and starch. Extreme care should be taken not to overeat. It is good during this time
to consider future diet and eating habits to see if you need to be more disciplined and in control of your appetite.
Although the physical aspects of fasting intrigue us, we must never forget that the major work of scriptural fasting is in the realm of the spirit. What goes on spiritually is much more important than what is happening bodily. You will be engaging in spiritual warfare that will necessitate using all the weapons of Ephesians 6. One of the most critical periods spiritually is at the end of the fast when we have a natural tendency to relax. But I do not want to leave the impression that all fasting is a heavy spiritual struggle—I have not found it so. It is also “…righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit” (Rom. 14:17).
Fasting can bring breakthroughs in the spiritual realm that will never happen in any other way. It is a means of God’s grace and blessing that should not be neglected any longer. Wesley declares,
“…it was not merely by the light of reason…that the people of God have been, in all ages, directed to use fasting as a means:…but they have been…taught it of God Himself, by clear and open revelations of His Will…. Now, whatever reasons there were to quicken those of old, in the zealous and constant discharge of this duty, they are of equal force still to quicken us”
Fervent Prayer Devotional #2: Pray Like Jesus
Sometimes, the hardest part of praying is simply starting. Where do I begin? What should I say? Do I go right into asking God for things? Do I start with thanksgiving? Again, where do I begin?
First, let me remind you a bit of the heart of prayer in what Pastor Tommy shared with us yesterday. Prayer is first and foremost about pressing into God Himself. Pressing past this “natural life” and into His wonderful and gracious presence, in which He loves to meet with His people. He calls us friends (John 15:15), and loves us like a good Father loves His children (Luke 11:13). When we meet with our best friends or have coffee with Dad, do we worry about formalities and saying everything perfectly? Not at all. We simply come to them as we are, enjoy being in their presence, and speak with them from the heart. I encourage you to do the same in prayer. Be humble in His presence, but also, ENJOY spending time with the One who saved you and redeemed you, and who loves to care for you. Keep it simple.
But, I understand that sometimes, to get started, it’s helpful to have a framework or reference point when engaging in prayer. Many of us have used the Lord’s Prayer for direction in our prayer life, where in Matthew 6, Jesus literally says, “When you pray, pray like this:” (Matthew 6:9). The beautiful words that follow have been a great model and template for many dear saints. Today, I want to revisit some of the words in Jesus’ “other prayer,” the High Priestly Prayer in John 17, and see if we might find some guidance in our own prayers this week. Remember, this is Jesus praying to the Father, and much of His prayer is for His followers, those who have and will believe on Him.
JOHN 17:1-26
1 When Jesus had spoken these words, he lifted up his eyes to heaven, and said, “Father, the hour has come; glorify your Son that the Son may glorify you, 2 since you have given him authority over all flesh, to give eternal life to all whom you have given him. 3 And this is eternal life, that they know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent. 4 I glorified you on earth, having accomplished the work that you gave me to do. 5 And now, Father, glorify me in your own presence with the glory that I had with you before the world existed.
6 “I have manifested your name to the people whom you gave me out of the world. Yours they were, and you gave them to me, and they have kept your word. 7 Now they know that everything that you have given me is from you.8 For I have given them the words that you gave me, and they have received them and have come to know in truth that I came from you; and they have believed that you sent me. 9 I am praying for them. I am not praying for the world but for those whom you have given me, for they are yours. 10 All mine are yours, and yours are mine, and I am glorified in them. 11 And I am no longer in the world, but they are in the world, and I am coming to you. Holy Father, keep them in your name, which you have given me, that they may be one, even as we are one. 12 While I was with them, I kept them in your name, which you have given me. I have guarded them, and not one of them has been lost except the son of destruction, that the Scripture might be fulfilled.13 But now I am coming to you, and these things I speak in the world, that they may have my joy fulfilled in themselves. 14 I have given them your word, and the world has hated them because they are not of the world, just as I am not of the world. 15 I do not ask that you take them out of the world, but that you keep them from the evil one. 16 They are not of the world, just as I am not of the world. 17 Sanctify them in the truth; your word is truth. 18 As you sent me into the world, so I have sent them into the world. 19 And for their sake I consecrate myself, that they also may be sanctified in truth.
20 “I do not ask for these only, but also for those who will believe in me through their word, 21 that they may all be one, just as you, Father, are in me, and I in you, that they also may be in us, so that the world may believe that you have sent me. 22 The glory that you have given me I have given to them, that they may be one even as we are one, 23 I in them and you in me, that they may become perfectly one, so that the world may know that you sent me and loved them even as you loved me. 24 Father, I desire that they also, whom you have given me, may be with me where I am, to see my glory that you have given me because you loved me before the foundation of the world. 25 O righteous Father, even though the world does not know you, I know you, and these know that you have sent me. 26 I made known to them your name, and I will continue to make it known, that the love with which you have loved me may be in them, and I in them.”
In light of these words, let us pray together today - as those whom the Father has given to Jesus - the way that Christ, himself, prayed for us:
Pray that we would receive the Word with humility and joy, that we would keep the Word, and that our receiving and keeping would be marked with abandoned obedience (v.6,8
Pray that we would be kept in Him and in His name. That we would never wander or be lost. (v.11)
Pray that the Joy of Christ would be fulfilled in us. (v.13)
Pray that we would be kept from the evil one. (v.12,15)
Pray that the Word of God would wash over us (Eph. 5:26-27), and that we would be sanctified by it. (v.17,19)
Pray that we would carry His beautiful Word out into the world, that they, too, would receive the Word and believe. (v.20)
Pray for unity in our Church that reflects the wondrous unity of the Triune God. (v.11, 21-23)
Pray that the deep love of Christ would be in us and that the world would know that we belong to Christ. (v.26)
Fervent Prayer Devotional #1: Intro
I came across a quote from Professor Charles Ringma that I think captures a prevalent mindset that we as Christians often embrace as we look to engage in prayer: “Whatever form and shape prayer takes, our first concern is not to press God for the things we think we need or the matters we are concerned about, but rather a quest for God's presence and relationship.”
Prayer ultimately is ‘a quest for God’s presence and relationship’. That is a good thought, an inspiring thought even. That prayer is not about getting it’s about abiding. It’s not simply about receiving from God but it’s about knowing God. If you have been around Mercy Hill for any period of time you will hear me talk about the importance of seeking the face of God beyond the hand of God. The idea that it’s about being in relationship with Him and not simply getting from Him. That’s good, right? That’s a noble idea right? I think about that and it seems like that is the right view we should have. Pray so you can be in His presence.
And yet there is something that is not a pithy quote from a book or from a sermon that gives me some pause on that idea, that causes me to stop and think about that idea a little more. Prayer is about the presence of God and relationship? Then I read Isaiah 6: I saw the Lord sitting upon a throne, high and lifted up; and the train of his robe filled the temple. 2 Above him stood the seraphim. Each had six wings: with two he covered his face, and with two he covered his feet, and with two he flew. 3 And one called to another and said: “Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts; the whole earth is full of his glory!” 4 And the foundations of the thresholds shook at the voice of him who called, and the house was filled with smoke. 5 And I said: “Woe is me! For I am lost; for I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips; for my eyes have seen the King, the Lord of hosts!” 6 Then one of the seraphim flew to me, having in his hand a burning coal that he had taken with tongs from the altar. 7 And he touched my mouth and said: “Behold, this has touched your lips; your guilt is taken away, and your sin atoned for.” 8 And I heard the voice of the Lord saying, “Whom shall I send, and who will go for us?” Then I said, “Here I am! Send me.”
Prayer is about the presence of God? And then I read Revelations 4: After this I looked, and behold, a door standing open in heaven! And the first voice, which I had heard speaking to me like a trumpet, said, “Come up here, and I will show you what must take place after this.” 2 At once I was in the Spirit, and behold, a throne stood in heaven, with one seated on the throne. 3 And he who sat there had the appearance of jasper and carnelian, and around the throne was a rainbow that had the appearance of an emerald. 4 Around the throne were twenty-four thrones, and seated on the thrones were twenty-four elders, clothed in white garments, with golden crowns on their heads. 5 From the throne came flashes of lightning, and rumblings[a] and peals of thunder, and before the throne were burning seven torches of fire, which are the seven spirits of God, 6 and before the throne there was as it were a sea of glass, like crystal…. (8) and day and night they never cease to say, “Holy, holy, holy, is the Lord God Almighty, who was and is and is to come!”
You see time and time again I read about the majestic, awesome, holy, otherness of God. How he is above us and beyond us, how with a word he spoke life into existence, how Job says His voice thunders and the world trembles, how the song of the Exodus says ‘with a blast of his nostrils the waters of the Red Sea piled up’, how in God’s presence Moses removed His sandals and when he asked to see God’s glory the Lord responded and said: And I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will show mercy. 20 But,...“you cannot see my face, for man shall not see me and live.” Prayer is about the presence of God? Seek HIs face in prayer?
The reason I bring this up is because as we go to prayer I believe we are too steeped in an ideology, a belief about God that diminishes our prayer life. And I am not talking about the idea we said earlier, the idea that we should see prayer as primarily about His presence or we should see prayer as an opportunity to seek His face and not just His hand. I actually think that is true but that we should see the sober meaning of that truth. I think Dr Ringma’s contention that we should see prayers first concern as a quest for God’s presence is right but what I find to be wrong are the quotes that say ‘we should pray to God like we are talking to our friend’. Unless your friend is all knowing, all powerful, perfectly holy and reigns in majesty over all, I don’t think that idea is accurate. The truth that we should see our prayer as primarily about HIs presence is true, we just need to have a true vision of the majestic holy presence we seek. This is important because unless we see the power in His presence our prayer life suffers and when we have a true vision of the presence of God it benefits our prayer life greatly. Let me give you a couple of key examples of why I believe that true vision benefits our prayer life.
A true vision of the holy nature of the presence of God causes us to value the gift of prayer. We have devalued prayer when we don’t understand the profound value of prayer, So many of us treat it flippantly, even as a burden and I think a contributing factor is us not understanding the precious, unworthy, gracious gift that is prayer. Access to the presence of God is a gift given by Jesus Christ that prior to Christ’s work was rare, nearly impossible, because of God’s majestic holiness. When Jesus died Matthew 27 records that the veil of the temple that seperated the people from the Holy of Holies, the place where God’s presence dwelled was torn in two. During the lifetime of Jesus, the holy temple in Jerusalem was the center of Jewish religious life. The temple was the place where animal sacrifices were carried out and worship according to the Law of Moses was followed faithfully. Hebrews 9:1-9 tells us that in the temple a veil separated the Holy of Holies—the earthly dwelling place of God’s presence—from the rest of the temple where men dwelt. This signified that man was separated from God by sin . Only the high priest was permitted to pass beyond this veil once each year to enter into God's presence for all of Israel and make atonement for their sins. The tearing of the veil at the moment of Jesus' death dramatically symbolized that His sacrifice, the shedding of His own blood, was a sufficient atonement for sins. It signified that now the way into the Holy of Holies was open for all people, for all time, both Jew and Gentile. And what makes this such a glorious reality is that the nature of God did not change because of the work of Jesus, only our access to Him did. He is still that Holy God and we, except for the work of Christ, are men with unclean lips living among men with unclean lips. Come before Him with reverence, with humility, with gratitude and with awe. He is still the God of Isaiah, and still the God of Moses, and still the God of Job. It is that same Holy God to whom we have access as we pray.
Another important benefit we receive when we have a true vision of the nature of God is that:
A true vision of the majestic nature of the presence of God inspires us to believe in the power of prayer. Because we have lost sight of the majestic nature of God as we reflect in prayer I feel we have lost sight of His power to answer our. Imagine the confidence Moses brought to Egypt after the the burning bush, imagine the faith Moses had to face the wilderness after getting a glimpse of the glory of God. The power of God did not change because of the work of Jesus only our access to it did. The veil has been tore but the Majesty of God has not been diminished
He is still the God of Isaiah, He is still the God seen in Job and still the God of Revelation. He is still the voice who spoke creation into existence, He is still thunder that shook the foundations of the earth, He is still the pillar of fire that led the Israelites in the wilderness, He is still the hand that healed the leper. The glory and power of God that mesmerized the servants of God is available to us as we go to prayer this week. There is no burden you face today that the arm of God is too weak to carry, no need His arm is too short to reach.
As we go to prayer this weel let me leave you with a quote from Charles Spurgeon: “…prayer is neither a mere mental exercise nor a vocal performance. It is far deeper than that - it is spiritual transaction with the Creator of Heaven and Earth."
It is to that Creator of Heaven and Earth we bring our prayers.
Does God have a unique vocation for everyone?
Christianity is a working religion. Christ did not call us to retreat from the world. Christ sent us into the world to work for the kingdom. Human beings were created for work. “The lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it” (Genesis 2:15). Work is good, but human beings forsook their calling to serve God through work and made work into a useful occupation for self-fulfillment. So, God cursed human work with vanity and futility. Christ restored the dignity of human work by giving it a new purpose. He came to serve and give his life as a ransom for many, and God used his work to conquer death. We are called to walk in Christ’s footsteps. Victory over death and the arrival of God’s Kingdom on earth is the new goal of work. Jesus promised to reward us at the resurrection for work done in this life (Matthew 5:12).
A general calling to work leaves unanswered these questions:
• What is my vocation? Does God have a unique work for me to do?
• Does work need an eternal goal to be a vocation, or is temporal work only a means of survival and self-aggrandizement?
• Does working for God use personal inclinations and motivations, or does work for God suppress personal ambition?
• Is work for God limited to church ministry? Can secular occupations be God’s calling?
Paul discussed these questions and others in his first letter to Corinth. We will summarize Paul’s view of vocation and then pose some questions that may help discern your personal vocation. We need to consider God’s calling whenever we consider life’s purpose.
What is a Vocation?
A vocation is a special way each person can show God’s self-sacrificial love to the world. Thomas Merton puts it this way:
All vocations are intended by God to manifest His love in the world. For each special calling gives a man some particular place in the Mystery of Christ, gives him something to do for the salvation of all mankind. The difference between the various vocations lies in the different ways in which each one enables men to discover God’s love, appreciate it, respond to it, and share it with other men. Each vocation has for its aim the propagation of divine life in the world. (“Vocation” from No Man is an Island)
Discussions of the Holy Spirit in the Christian life often focus on spiritual gifts. Often overlooked is the claim that to each is also given “different kinds of service (diakonia)…” (1 Corinthians 12:5). Diakonia is the Greek word from which we get the English word “deacon.” The Greek term means servant, slave, helper, or messenger. “To each…” is given a unique service for the common good (1 Cor. 12:7). Service is a vocation to manifest God’s love in a unique way.
Each person has a unique vocation, but not all vocations manifest God’s love equally. Some vocations manifest God’s love to more people. For example, marriage restricts the number of people served, while a single person can serve more people. Internal motivations and inclinations also constrain the type ofservice. The type of service God gives to each person results in a functional hierarchy of spiritual gifts. “God has placed in the church first of all apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healing, of helping, of guidance, and of different kinds of tongues” (1 Cor. 12:28). Nothing in this list implies a difference between vocations within or outside the church. Nor do higher vocations imply more love of God. Higher gifts come with higher requirements because they serve more people. Marriage choices tend to be made between two people without church approval, but officers in the church have special requirements because they serve more people. So long as the love of God is a factor, a vocation cannot be confused with a search for identity or hedonistic pleasure.
External constraints and internal motivations make each vocation unique. I have family members with autistic disorders who are evangelists. Paul’s remarks on marital liferevolutionized the everyday love husbands and wives share. Their calling to please one another is a concrete example of “devotion to the Lord.” (1 Corinthians 7:35). Even a slave is called to be the “Lord’s freed person,” though they have little control over external circumstances (1 Corinthians 7:22). God calls each person to serve him with their constraints and natural inclinations, not despite them. We need to hear God’s calling in our circumstances.
How do you hear God’s calling?
God calls; we listen. If we really believe God is present and wants our love, then we will be willing to take the time to ask questions and wait for his answers. Gordon Smith in Consider Your Calling suggests some questions that will help us discern God’s calling.
• What is the world is God doing? “Great are the works of the LORD; they are pondered by all who delight in them. (Psalm 111.1). What God is doing will succeed. What family and friends expect may not be what God wants. He wants us to express his love in a unique way. If you love God, you will love what He does more than any other person or thing in this life.
• Who are you? “I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made…Your eyes saw my unformed body; all the days ordained for me were written in your book before one of them came to be (Psalm 139:14,16).” Mature self-reflection focuses on the good that matters to you most, not immature aspirations to greatness or adventure. The good that matters to you most is what make you happy. Happiness pertains to a person’s vocation when it is part of their character, both spiritual and physical. Here are some character traits specific vocations require:
Beauty
Compassion
Justice
Truth
Wisdom
Prudence
Courage
Faith, Hope and Love
• What age are you? “Teach us to number our days, that we may gain a heart of wisdom” (Psalm 90:12). Life goes through stages. Twenty-somethings have different life tasks than thirty-somethings. Men and women who postpone age-appropriatelife tasks face immense deficits in the next phase of life. Age-appropriate life choices become more obvious with advanced age (e.g., retirement). They don’t necessarily become easier. Those in earlier life stages need to be reminded about the transience of life and the necessity to make age-appropriatedecisions.
• What are your life circumstances/constraints? “For if you remain silent at this time, relief and deliverance for the Jews will arise from another place, but you and your father's family will perish. And who knows but that you have come to your royal position for such a time as this? (Esther 4:14).” Name your realities and use them as opportunities to express God’s love in a unique way. Are you a woman? Under what circumstances would you serve in a troubled community? Are you physically or mentally challenged? Where would you best exemplify God’s love? Do you need financial security to fulfill God’s purpose?
• What Cross are you willing to suffer? “In order to keep me from becoming conceited, I was given a thorn in my flesh, a messenger of Satan, to torment me. Three times I pleaded with the Lord to take it away from me. But he said to me, ‘My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.’ Therefore, I will boast all the more gladly about my weaknesses, so that Christ's power may rest on me. That is why, for Christ's sake, I delight in weaknesses, in insults, in hardships, in persecutions, in difficulties. For when I am weak, then I am strong” (2 Cor. 12:7-10). Assess risk. How do you respond to criticism? To failure? What will you do if God does not give you the career you imagined?
• What do you fear? “A shoot will come up from the stump of Jesse; from his roots a Branch will bear fruit. The Spirit of the LORD will rest on him—the Spirit of wisdom and of understanding, the Spirit of counsel and of might, the Spirit of the knowledge and fear of the LORD—and he will delight in the fear of the LORD” (Isaiah 11:1-3). Jesus feared God. The question is what do you fear? We no longer fear condemnation or separation from God. We fear that we will miss out on rewards for service done in his name. Being loved by God, a person dares to choose God's calling, even if it ends up in a different place. We can only follow God’s calling. A prudent choice to serve, not self-promotion, requires perseverance. Perseverance is the fruit of godly fear.
Why do Christians need a Vocation?
Picture this conversation. You are a third-grade teacher in an inner-city school. You go to a cocktail party with friends. You get the typical American question. “What do you do?” The conversation takes a conventional turn. “I teach third graders.” “Where?” “At Cézar Chavez Elementary School.” End of conversation. Chances are that the new friend has categorized you economically and socially in ways you find dismissive and demeaning.
Now imagine a different conversation. You go to the same party;you get the same question. Instead of following the conventional pattern, you take the conversation in an unexpected direction. You talk about vocation. “In am working to improve justice in the inner city by teaching 9-year-olds to read.” Chances are this conversation is not over. A new friend may be drawn into a deeper discussion about the correlation between reading at grade level and adult incarceration.
A vocation is not a career. Careers in managerial culture come with status symbols, promotions, and income perks. Vocations serve eternal goods and shape character irrespective of ego satisfaction and prestige. Eternal goods like justice, life, beauty,or compassion change the world and give glory to God. A lifetime is necessary to achieve eternal goods. It takes a lifetime to acquire character shaped by those goods to pass them on. Francis Su, a Christian Professor of Mathematics, and Christopher Jackson, a convicted felon, exemplify Christian vocation in a beautiful book on Mathematics and Human Flourishing, in which they show how math meets basic human desires—like play, beauty, justice and love—and cultivates human flourishing.
Human flourishing happens because of human intentions. Christians receive vocations because they believe in a God who has intentions. God is not finished with this world. He is working reconcile the lost world to himself, and He has invited us to work with him. Do you believe God has you here on this earth for a special purpose? Can you summarize your unique vocation in one short, summary statement?
Jesus Christ in the Old and New Testaments
At this time of year, the church celebrates the miraculous birth of Jesus according to the Scriptures. The miraculous birth of Jesus in a Bethlehem stable confounded many expectations of the Messiah based on contemporary Jewish interpretations of Old Testament prophecies. Jesus’ Messianic identity was still problematic to his followers even after the resurrection. Like the disciples on the Road to Emmaus (Luke 24:13-35), we need Jesus to come alongside and “explain what was said in all the Scriptures concerning himself” through the Holy Spirit so that our hearts will burn again with all that He opened to them. In a short book, Hays does a really good job of showing how the Gospels do just that.
COVID-19 cut off Equip adult Christian education meetings mid-March. Their eclipse cut short answers to two question. First, was the messianic concept of the Old Testament the same as New Testament faith in Messiah Jesus? Secondly, what was Jesus’s self-understanding of his Messiahship in light of the Old Testament? These two questions are far more important than rational proofs for the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies in the life of Jesus. Followers of Jesus want to know “the same mindset as Christ Jesus” (Philippians 2:5). Showing the mind of Christ Jesus was the goal of our survey of the entire Bible.
To make up for an interrupted survey, I would like to point to an excellent book on Old Testament prophecies in the New Testament. Richard Hays presents a high view of Jesus’ Messianic self-consciousness through a figural reading of Old Testament prophecies. Figural readings of prophecy work both ways, from Old Testament to New and from New Testament to Old. Citing Erich Auerbach, Hays writes:
Figural interpretation establishes a connection between two events or persons in such a way that the first signifies not only itself but also the second, while the second involves or fulfills the first. The two poles of a figure are separated in time, but both, being real events or persons are within temporality. They are both contained in the flowing stream which is historical life, and only the comprehension, the intellectus spiritual, of the interdependence is a spiritual act.
Figural interpretation aims higher than a simple prophetic-fulfillment scheme, for it is in the comprehension of mutual interactions between two events or persons that spiritual meaning is comprehended.
Hays uses figural interpretation to open new vistas on the four Gospels. Mark’s Gospel is Hays’ favorite because it presents Jesus’ Messianic consciousness in the allusive language of irony. Old Testament references abound in the Gospel without proof texts specifying a particular prophet, but readers familiar with prophetic texts catch the hint that Jesus consciously saw himself fulfilling these prophecies. Mark’s Gospel contains the most forthright disclosure of divine self-consciousness at the trial of Jesus (Mark 14:61-62), associated with the most abject descriptions of Jesus’ agony in Gethsemane (Mark 14:32-41) and abandonment at Golgotha (Mark 15:34). Mark’s Gospel ends in stunned silence before the empty tomb (Mark 16:8). Mark used the Old Testament to show Jesus’ witness to his hidden identity as the Son of God could only be understood by those who follow him by taking up the way of the Cross.
At the other extreme from Mark’s allusive Gospel is John’s Gospel, which discloses the pre-existent deity of Jesus Christ in the first verse. Between Mark’s Gospel and the Johannine witness lies the common thread of a high view of Jesus’ Messianic self-consciousness. That theme means the Gospels of Mark and John interpret Old Testament prophecies to show Jesus is God’s Only Begotten Son, even though John used Old Testament prophecy to tell the story of Jesus’s Messianic self-consciousness in a different way. John’s Gospel has significantly fewer specific Scriptural citations, but the narrative structure captures the broader implications of the Old Testament story of redemption through symbolic meanings. The test case for Hays is the reference to Moses:
For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ. (John 1:16)
But do not think I will accuse you before the Father. Your accuser is Moses, on whom your hopes are set. If you believed Moses, you would believe me, for he wrote about me. But since you do not believe what he wrote, how are you going to believe what I say? (John 5:45-47)
These references raise the question for Hays about how John reinterpreted Torah. According to Hays’ enumeration, few references to Moses or Mosaic Law appear in the Gospel. This curious fact is offset by the symbols of Temple and Feast Days incorporated into the story of Jesus’ ministry. To cite just two, the cleansing of the Temple placed early in John’s Gospel transfers the site of God’s presence from the Temple to Jesus’ body (John 2:13-22), which is the resurrected and glorified body of Jesus for the reader of John’s Gospel. Another incident unique to John is Jesus’ self-identification with God as the one who provides food and drink during the Festival of Tabernacles (John 7:37=Lev 26:36). Also prominent is John’s appropriation of the symbol of the Passover Lamb to Jesus’ sacrificial death through the dating of the crucifixion on the Day of Preparation when the Lamb was slain, and the comparison between the piercing of Jesus’ side to unbroken bones of the Pascal lamb (John 19:31-37). Through the use of symbols like Temple and Feast Days, John’s Gospel places Jesus’ death and resurrection within the framework of an eternal plan of divine redemption which encompasses the prophetic history of Israel beginning with Creation.
Hays enhances our understanding of the Messianic concept implied in the Old Testament and the self-understanding of Jesus in light of the Old Testament. Prophetic allusions in the Gospels can sometimes be used to dispense with the Old Testament by using it simply as a source book for fulfilled prophecies. Hays shows how the Gospels retain their connection with the Old Testament through Jesus, who unlocked the meaning of Messiahship embedded in the prophecies. At the same time, figural readings strengthen faith today in Israel’s God who encounters us in the life, death and resurrection of Jesus.
At this time of year, the church celebrates the miraculous birth of Jesus according to the Scriptures. The miraculous birth of Jesus in a Bethlehem stable confounded many expectations of the Messiah based on contemporary Jewish interpretations of Old Testament prophecies. Jesus’ Messianic identity was still problematic to his followers even after the resurrection. Like the disciples on the Road to Emmaus (Luke 24:13-35), we need Jesus to come alongside and “explain what was said in all the Scriptures concerning himself” through the Holy Spirit so that our hearts will burn again with all that He opened to them. In a short book, Hays does a really good job of showing how the Gospels do just that.
Richard B. Hays, Reading Backwards: Figural Christology and the Fourfold Gospel Witness (Baylor University Press, 2016)
Book Review, by Bruce McCallum, December 8, 2020